![]() Choosing the most appropriate one is key in order to optimize effectiveness and minimize side effects.ĥ-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as ondansetron ( Zofran), granisetron, and palonosetron (2nd generation) are medications that work on central serotonin receptors in the vomiting center, as well as the peripheral serotonin receptors in the vagus nerve. There are a few classes of antiemetic medications, which are categorized based on the predominant receptor they act on. However, antiemetic medications should not be taken during pregnancy without first consulting with your family physician, who might prescribe them only after weighing the risks and benefits. Finally, nausea and vomiting are often experienced in pregnancy-related morning sickness or hyperemesis gravidarum, which is extreme morning sickness including severe vomiting, during pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are also common side effects of many drugs including opioid analgesics, anaesthetics (postoperative nausea), and chemotherapy directed against cancer. Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of various conditions, such as motion sickness, upper abdominal irritation, food poisoning, and gastroenteritis. What are antiemetic drugs used for?Īntiemetic drugs are taken to treat nausea and vomiting, and can be administered as tablets, sublinguals, oral solutions, suppositories, transdermal patches or intravenous injections. Consulting the family physician before taking over the counter antiemetics or prescription drugs is vital, especially if taking any other medications at the same time due to potential additive effects. What are the side effects of antiemetic drugs?Īntiemetics are generally well-tolerated, but can have potential side effects, such as constipation or diarrhea, headache, fatigue, malaise, dizziness, light-headedness, blurred vision, dry mouth, or photosensitivity. In response, the vomiting center triggers nausea and vomiting by stimulating the gastrointestinal tract, abdominal muscles, and the diaphragm. When the gastrointestinal tract senses a threat, it sends information to the peripheral receptors, which in turn convey the information to the central receptors in the vomiting center. Most of these are central receptors found in the vomiting center of the brainstem, while peripheral receptors are found in the vagus nerve. Before taking this medication, you should consult with your doctor and weigh the potential benefits and risks.Join millions of students and clinicians who learn by Osmosis! Start Your Free Trial How do antiemetics work?Īntiemetics work on the neural pathways involved with vomiting by blocking specific receptors that respond to neurotransmitter molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, and histamine.
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